Expanding and compressing IPv6

An IPv6 address is 128 bits, written as eight groups of four hex digits. Because that's long, the notation allows two shortcuts: drop leading zeros in each group, and replace one run of all-zero groups with ::. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 compresses to 2001:db8::1. The :: can only appear once, since otherwise the address would be ambiguous.

Prefixes and subnets

The prefix length (like /64) marks how many leading bits are the network portion. Home networks almost always get a /64 for each LAN - that's 18 quintillion addresses per subnet, enough that devices can pick their own addresses automatically (SLAAC). ISPs commonly delegate a /56 or /48 to a home, giving you many /64 subnets to work with.

Working in IPv4 instead? Use the subnet calculator or the CIDR cheat sheet.