Expanding and compressing IPv6
An IPv6 address is 128 bits, written as eight groups of four hex digits.
Because that's long, the notation allows two shortcuts: drop leading zeros
in each group, and replace one run of all-zero groups with ::.
So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 compresses to
2001:db8::1. The :: can only appear once, since
otherwise the address would be ambiguous.
Prefixes and subnets
The prefix length (like /64) marks how many leading bits are
the network portion. Home networks almost always get a /64 for
each LAN - that's 18 quintillion addresses per subnet, enough that devices
can pick their own addresses automatically (SLAAC). ISPs commonly delegate a
/56 or /48 to a home, giving you many
/64 subnets to work with.
Working in IPv4 instead? Use the subnet calculator or the CIDR cheat sheet.